칸트; 경험현상계와 물자체(순수이성의 한계 영역)의 구별,
헤겔; 변증법적인 정신현상학 (물자체도 인식 가능하다)
브렌타노:심리학에 근거한 새로운 철학 모색
훗설; 현상학적 직관과 환원에 따른, 의식의 지식 쟁취 방법 모색: 의식의 대상 지향성, 급진성
프로이트:정신분석학; 무의식 탐구; 새로운 존재 영역
하이데거; 현존재: 실존주의;

1. Phenomenology (from Greek phainómenon "that which appears" and lógos "study") by Edmund Husserl and by a circle of his followers is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness. \r

2.Phenomenology is not a unitary movement; rather, different authors share a common family resemblance but also with many significant differences. \r

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3.Gabriella Farina states:\r

A unique and final definition of phenomenology is dangerous and perhaps even paradoxical as it lacks a thematic focus. In fact, \r

it is not a doctrine, nor a philosophical school, \r

but rather a style of thought, a method, an open and ever-renewed experience having different results. \r

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4. Husserl's conception of phenomenology has been criticized and developed not only by himself but also by students such as Edith Stein and Roman Ingarden, by hermeneutic philosophers such as Martin Heidegger, by existentialists such as Nicolai Hartmann, Gabriel Marcel, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Jean-Paul Sartre, by other philosophers such as Max Scheler, Paul Ricoeur, Jean-Luc Marion, Michel Henry, Emmanuel Levinas, Jacques Derrida, and by sociologists such as Alfred Schütz and Eric Voegelin.\r

4. Phenomenology is the systematic reflection on and study of the structures of consciousness and the phenomena that appear in acts of consciousness. \r

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5.Phenomenology can be clearly differentiated from the Cartesian method of analysis which sees the world as objects, sets of objects, and objects acting and reacting upon one another.\r

데카르트: 의식과 대상을 분리.\r

후설: 의식은 마음속에 있지 않다; \r

의식은 늘 어떤 대상을 향한다: 대상지향성\r

7.Phenomenologists reject the concept of objective research. They prefer grouping assumptions through a process called phenomenological epoché.\r

"suspension of judgment", \u0026 "withholding of assent". \r

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8. Phenomenologists believe that analyzing daily human behavior can provide one with a greater understanding of nature. They assert that persons should be explored. This is because persons can be understood through the unique ways they reflect the society they live in.\r

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9.Phenomenologists prefer to gather "capta", or conscious experience, rather than traditional data.


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